There are many different types of cooling towers but the cooling tower working priciples. Basic cooling tower terms types of towers important properties of water system calculations factors that limit cycles of concentration system concerns treatment options overview cooling towers are an integral component of many refrigeration systems, providing comfort or process cooling across a broad range of. The major components of a closed cycle wet cooling water system are. Cooling towers with open and closed water circuits are available. The water exits the cooling tower and is sent back to the exchangers or to other units for further cooling.
These towers utilize large fans to force air through circulated water. Cooling towers with open, closed or hybrid cooling circuit. The information on the slides is the minimum information that should be. How do cooling towers work explanation what are cooling towers. Does the cooling tower dictate the rate of heat transfer. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the. Types of cooling towers used in power plants askpowerplant. In each system, a large compressor unit located outside. Types of cooling towers two basic types of evaporative cooling devices are used. In this type of cooling tower, fan is not used for circulating air but here, by enclosing the heated air in the.
On this page we discuss the introduction to cooling towers and the principle of operation. The used water from various applications at higher temperature can be cooled and reused. Cooling towers to increase contact surfaces as well as time of exposure, a heat transfer medium, or fill, is installed below the water distribution system, in the path of the air. Mechanicaldraftcoolingtower mechanical draft towers have large fans to force or draw air through circulated water. A cooling tower is a specialized heat exchanger in which air and water are brought into direct contact with each other in order to reduce the waters temperature. The working principle of wet cooling towers is evaporative cooling and in this case the working fluid or the fluid used for heat. Since the cooling towers are based on the principles of evaporative cooling, the maximum cooling tower efficiency depends on the wet bulb temperature of the air.
Treatment of cooling water will be different depending upon the kind of system in use. Understanding the different types of cooling towers. This article provides engineering information about the two main types of cooling towers. Various other wood species, both domestic and foreign, may be used in cooling towers, pro vided that they exhibit proven durability in severe exposures and. Cooling towers can be classified in two types 1 natural draught cooling tower. An induced draft fan draws the air across the wetted fill and expels it through the top of the structure. Mechanical draft cooling towers are much more widely used.
Introduction to commercial building hvac systems and energy code requirements reid hart, pe, pacific northwest national laboratory. In open circuit cooling towers, there is a direct contact between the water to cool down and the air. To the trainer this powerpoint presentation can be used to train people about the basics of cooling towers. Cooling tower design calculation software videosmultiprogram. Natural draft designs use very large concrete chimneys to introduce air through the media. Industrial cooling towers are used to remove surplus heat from water. This paper deals with the study of different types of heat exchangers used in our engineering industries such as plate type, shell and tube, radiator and cooling towers. Corrosion in water cooling towers is a result of two entirely different, yet related factors. Types of cooling towers include natural draft, induced draft, and forced draft. Crossflow towers and counterflow towers are the two types of mechanical draft cooling towers. This article describes the common applications of a cooling tower.
Cooling tower thermal design manual cooling tower technical site of daeil aqua co. There are many different types of cooling towers but the cooling tower working principles stay pretty much the same. Different types of cooling towers are designed for different types of purposes. Most cooling towers work based on the principle of evaporative cooling. Different types of cooling towers differ in their mechanical efficiencies. Cooling towers two types are commonly used, concrete natural draught towers and mechanical draught towers. Amertech tower is the leader for all of your cooling tower parts and service. Common applications of a cooling tower amertechtowerservices. Index terms cooling tower, types of cooling towers, design of cooling tower, different types of losses, characteristics of cooling tower, efficiency, effectiveness. Introduction to commercial building hvac systems and. Types of cooling systems central air conditioners and heat pumps. This useful and easy program let you quickly and securely perform calculations for the design of a new cooling tower project, upgrade the performance of an existing counterflow tower and. Pdf study the performance of different packing in open. We look at how the size of the spray affects efficiency and note the two common forms of, natural draft cooling towers, which are the spray type and the surprisingly more.
White paper 55, the different types of air distribution for it environments describes the nine basic ways air is distributed to cool it equipment in data centers and. Both types function as heat exchangers based on the counter flow. A oncethrough cooling system pumps water into equipment where it passes over a hot surface. Condensers use relatively cool water, via various means, to condense the steam coming out. Today we discussed about type of cooling towers are used in power plant.
Induced draft or mechanical draft cooling towers use some type of mechanical pressure, like a fan system, to push air upward inside the tower. Types of cooling towers broadly the cooling towers are classified according to the type of air induction utilised and are classified as a natural draft and induced draft cooling towers. How natural draft cooling towers work stack effect. Types of cooling towers include direct and indirect, counterflow and crossflow, mechanical draft. In a crossflow tower, air flows horizontally through the cooling tower s structure while hot water flows downward from distribution basins. The motors must be efficient and durable to withstand the adverse atmosphere in the.
In natural flow system, water coming out from the condenser is just allowed types of cooling ponds. Cooling towers are a special type of heat exchanger that allows water. Cooling towers can also either be natural draft, meaning that gas naturally flows into the tower, or mechanical draft, meaning that devices, typically fans, bring gas and liquid into the device at set rates. These types of cooling towers are factory preassembled, and can be simply. A cooling tower is a semienclosed device for evaporative cooling. The chemical environment under these scale deposits is different. Induced draft systems can also force air into the tower with a blowthrough or pull it out through a drawthrough. The answer depends on cooling tower categories and how we categorize cooling towers. Many types of heat and mass transfer devices defined the solution by theoretical methods or. Types of cooling towers on the basis of heat transfer methods used1 2 3 next page. Typical closed loop cooling tower system is shown in figure 7.
One is scaling or deposits of minerals onto surfaces. All cooling towers are designed to remove waste heat from water and transfer it to the atmosphere, but there are a lot of ways to accomplish this task. Types of cooling towersbroadly the cooling towers are classified according to the type of air induction utilised and are classified as a natural draft and induced draft cooling towers. Theory of cooling towers cooling towers fall into two main subdivisions. These cooling tower designs may be more or less forgiving of wide variations in water flow. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 5 syllabus cooling tower. The cooling tower motor aims to drive the fans on a type of cooling tower such as the mechanical draft cooling tower. Here we discover cooling tower functions and inner working of cooling towers for different applications. Cooling towers might be one of the most crucial parts of any industrial process. Types and performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control strategies and energy saving opportunities.
A cooling tower is an evaporative heat extractionrejection device. Cooling towers are used to cool the water for its various applications. Since there is a high degree of variation between how cooling towers operate, they are classified within a number of distinct groups. Different types of cooling towers utilize different designs to allow variations in how air and water flow are managed. The second type, often called a closedcircuit cooling tower, involves. Different types of cooling towers universal tower parts. The first of these, the directcontact or open cooling tower figure 3, ex poses water directly to the cooling atmosphere, thereby transferring the source heat load directly to the air. Cooling tower types cooling towers fall into two main categories. Types of cooling towers natural draft and mechanical draft.